What types of gay men are there
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During my research I found that people's individual knowledge of Polari was very different - about 20 core words were known to almost all speakers, and then there was a much large fringe lexicon, of which most people would only know a small sample. I have collected almost 500 Polari terms, although it's unlikely that most people would have known or even used that many. However, it has also been used in the past by Julian Clary, Larry Grayson, Peter Wyngarde, and in a Jon Pertwee episode of Dr Who (Carnival of Monsters). The most famous users of Polari were Julian and Sandy (played by Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams) in the 1960s BBC radio comedy show, Round The Horne (written by Barry Took and Marty Feldman). Straight people who were connected to the theatre also used it, and there are numerous cases of gay men teaching it to their straight friends. Mainly gay men, although also lesbians, female impersonators, theatre people, prostitutes and sea-queens (gay men in the merchant navy). In 2010, Cambridge University labelled Polari as an "endangered language". While it was mainly used as a lexicon, some of the more adept speakers were so good at it, that it resembled a language, with its own grammatical rules, distinct to English.
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Polari can be classed as a language variety, a sociolect, or an anti-language. Some of the most common include rhyming slang, backslang (saying a word as if it's spelt backwards), Italian, Occitan, French, Lingua Franca, American airforce slang, drug-user slang, Parlyaree (an older form of slang used by tinkers, beggars and travelling players) and Cant (an even older form of slang used by criminals). It is mainly a lexicon, derived from a variety of sources. In the past, it was also known as Palari, Palare, Parlaree or a variety of similar spellings. Liability for the information given being complete or correct.Paul Baker, Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University Polari: The Lost Language of Gay Men What is Polari? In 11 countries, the death penalty is imposed or at least a possibility for private, consensual same-sex sexual activity.
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In spite of the progress made in recent years, homosexual activity remains criminalized in 71 countries, mostly in the Middle-East, Africa, and Asia. Similarly, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Indonesia have incredibly low rates of LGBT acceptance.
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Trends vary across Europe, however, with respondents in Eastern Europe being less tolerant of the LGBT community, particularly in Ukraine and Russia. Overall, acceptance of the LGBT community is highest in Western Europe, Canada, and Australia, where more than 80 percent of the public declaring that homosexuality should be accepted by society, with Sweden heading the ranking. Similarly, in South Korea, South Africa, and in the United States, the level of acceptance grew considerably between 20. In Kenya, only one percent of respondents in 2002 declared any acceptance of homosexuality, whereas this increased to 14 percent by 2019. Today, 74 percent of young American adult support same-sex marriage.Īttitudes towards homosexuality vary by region or country, though global trends generally suggest that acceptance of homosexuality is increasing. Although originally opposing gay marriage, President Obama changed his stance to support same-sex marriage during his re-election campaign in 2012 while a majority of surveyed voters said this decision did not affect their opinion of him, almost half of Republican respondents stated their opinion of him had become less favorable. In recent decades, the most significant steps forwards for the LGBT communities were taken under the Obama administration. Since taking office, the Biden administration has prioritized the expansion of LGBT rights and protections, many of which had been rolled back during the preceding four years. These shifting attitudes can be reflected in American politics.